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Julius Caesar, a Roman military commander and politician in the 1st century BCE, is a figure of contention among historians. They debate whether Caesar sought to improve the Roman world or was a power-hungry tyrant aspiring to be Rome's king. The 1st century was a tumultuous and violent period in Rome's history, marked by civil wars and disturbances in subjugated territories. This time signified the shift from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire, with Caesar playing a crucial role in this transformation.